Syntactic approach to electric mobility in metropolitian areas: NE 1 district core, segment map

Capturing vehicular travel behavior is one of the most popular models that deal with relevant aspects of urban regions and communities. Since 1960s, it has been matured and evolved to cover all aspects of travel demand applications. Different theories are employed to predict the movement of trip makers' likewise metric method and the estimation of origin-destination matrixes, intervening opportunities method which counts more on probabilities, and finally the spatial configuration modeling. The latter is to apply topo-geometrical analysis to arrive at configurational measures that can optimally approximate movement patterns in the urban network. Space syntax is an alternative approach to estimate conventional vehicular travel demand without using O-D matrix trip data, which is difficult to be obtained. Space Syntax is an alternative approach to predict the vehicular movement in urban systems using the concept of accessibility measures (syntactic measures and maps) which reflects the complexity of routes from a road segment to all the others within the system. The syntactic approach is employed in this study to simulate a particular mobility system; electric vehicles (EVs) cluster. Simulating EVs'-systems is a subset of the conventional traffic modeling entire group. In particular, EV modeling environment set-up and configurations differ due to the special paradigms and behavioral characteristic aspects the system has. EV market is a niche market though it is expanding. This paper maps the current EV systems and focuses on one of which that needs prompt actions to be taken to have a mainstream supported and reliable market of EVs. Charging service is a thorny problem annoys the current users and hinders potential users to switch to low carbon emission vehicle purchase option. The study area located in the North East region of United Kingdom is investigated in detail. Spatial configuratioal analysis of the inner urban core of the metropolitan area, Newcastle-Gateshead, NE1 is undertaken. This paper presents a methodology to integrate configuratiomal modeling of NE1 to simulate the mobility mode within the context. Spatial analysis and segment maps have been generated via the use of Depthmap research software. Real information about users was collected from the service providers to employ some the simulation assumptions. A multi model simulation modeling is developed while incorporating configurational modeling to build the urban layer of an EV simulation environment. Space syntax analysis is conducted by using the open source application, Depthmap. Simulation is developed via a commercial tool, Anylogic. The paper views the necessary steps of forming and analyzing the urban system facilitating the integration of EV system to run the simulation

The Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Use and Usability Problems of EV Workplace Charging Facilities

With the worldwide calls to meet greenhouse gas targets and policy objectives by 2030, finding an electric vehicle (EV) on the way to work every day has become less surprising. Adapting to owning an EV is challenging to all potential users. Current users tend to rely on domestic charging for a more certain and less hassle charging opportunity. The demand is shifting towards workplace charging (WPC) as a cheap and convenient solution due to the relatively long time the car is parked there. WPC fills a critical gap in EV charging infrastructure needs by extending electric miles and building range confidence. This chapter reports on the social practice of using one of the WPC facilities in the UK. It investigates the use and usability problems that are faced (n = 12) by EV users at workplace environment in one of the UK public sector employer

Eras of electric vehicles: electric mobility on the Verge. Focus Attention Scale

Daily or casual passenger vehicles in cities have negative burden on our finite world. Transport sector has been one of the main contributors to air pollution and energy depletion. Providing alternative means of transport is a promising strategy perceived by motor manufacturers and researchers. The paper presents the battery electric vehicles-BEVs bibliography that starts with the early eras of invention up till 2015 outlook. It gives a broad overview of BEV market and its technology in a chronological classification while sheds light on the stakeholders’ focus attentions in each stage, the so called, Focus-Attention-Scale-FAS. The attention given in each era is projected and parsed in a scale graph, which varies between micro, meso, and macro-scale. BEV-system is on the verge of experiencing massive growth; however, the system entails a variety of substantial challenges. Observations show the main issues of BEVsystem that require more attention followed by the authors’ recommendations towards an emerging market

Understanding the social practice of EV workplace charging

Owning or leasing an electric vehicle (EV) is becoming more common in developed countries. While home charging is the most common choice, workplace charging and its provision by employers has become an important option. For many, it is essential to cope with the limited range of most EVs. Home and work are the two places where vehicles are parked for long periods and so are prime candidates as charging locations. However, workplace charging is often a limited resource. This paper reports on an empirical study of workplace charging at a UK public sector employer. It explores the use of workplace charging (WPC) via spatiotemporal analysis of employees and visitors' charging events over a 3-month period. It provides insights into weekly patterns and daily mechanisms of using shared facilities in a WPC environment. We identify insights that are relevant in the design of workplace-charging infrastructure, identify the design needs, emerging requirements, and highlight potential areas for sociotechnical-interventions

To understand, model and design an e-mobility system in its urban context

The electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging as an alternative solution to the conventional gasoline vehicles. The EV market faces different issues related to limited range, which are associated with the battery technology and the charging network. A clear emphasis is placed on how well the supporting recharging facilities (RFs) are deployed in order to reduce the limited range. The aim of this study is to investigate how suitably the locations for RFs can be chosen in order to satisfy the demand. Charging demand is a multifaceted problem, the majority of them charge at home and do not experience the maximum range of the EV in an attempt to avoid being stranded with a flat battery, and the deployment of rapid chargers is costly. A desired balance between supply and demand can be achieved by identifying the most influential factors affecting the design and use of the RFs. The fundamental monitoring of the use of RFs would reflect the quality of design, highlight the emerging design needs, and assist with the strategic deployment of the RFs. The interest in alternative transport is shaped primarily by consumer perceptions and users’ feedback. This thesis integrates visual and statistical elements in order to understand the end-­‐user emerging design needs and to model the RFs. In this thesis, over 12,725 charging events were analysed in conjunction to 20 interviews with EV users and stakeholders. With the use of an agent-­‐based modelling technique, it has been possible to capture and simulate the electric-­‐mobility system. By means of integrated spatiotemporal modelling, the results indicated that the proposed model is capable of identifying candidate locations for deploying RFs. A multi method approach is presented to understand the concepts of, model and design the RFs. The outcome of this research should be of interest to planning authorities and policy makers of alternative means of transport

A Revision to European Building Code EN1991 for Static and Dynamic Roof Loading by Volcanic Ash

This study aims at exploring the effects of both static and dynamic loading of volcanic ash on a building roof, by proposing a revision of the building regulations with the objective of making existing and future European buildings more resilient to volcanic ash loading on the buildings in the prone areas. Preliminary results show that there is a direct proportionality between deformations of the roof and the load due to weight of the impacting ash as demonstrated through simulation tests using a finite element method

Visual Quality Integerated Cost Model For Developing Green Neighborhoods: An Optimization Approach

One of the greatest potentials for enhancing the economic return and the sustainability of neighborhood developments is the visual quality. This is determined mainly by the maximizing the access to favorable views and minimizing the visual impact values. Furthermore, improving the visual quality will have a direct impact on the profitability of any neighborhood development project as well achieving points for certain sustainable rating systems such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). The visual quality is a function of the carrying capacity or density for a certain neighborhood and influences the pricing strategy of the units in the development. This research aims at maximizing the profitability of neighborhood development projects while enhancing the visual sustainability parameters by determining the best number, location and orientation of the units in the neighborhood development. To achieve this goal, a spatial evolutionary model was developed and related to LEED ND standards. The developed model works on assisting real estate developers in building green neighborhood development and implementing competitive pricing strategy. This model is developed after conducting an experiment to quantify the cost impact associated with the selected visual quality parameters. The optimal layout of the units which optimizes the multi-objective criteria of profitability and visual quality is determined by applying a genetic algorithm. The site boundaries, number of units, and internal unit design, among as treated, as constraints. The developed model named SAT (Spatial Analysis Design Tool) is capable of producing schematic designs, including the arrangement and configuration of the units in the neighborhood development considering the pricing strategy for real estate developers

To cluster the E-mobility recharging facilities (RFs)

The world is witnessing an accelerating expansion of urban areas and intensive urbanisation. The robust relation between transport infrastructure and urban planning is reflected in how integrated and reliable a system is within the urban fabric. Designing an integrated infrastructure to support full electric vehicle (EV) use is a crucial matter, which worries planning authorities, policy makers, as well as current and potential users. Reducing range anxiety by facilitating access to public recharging facilities is designed to overcome the main barrier that stops potential users to utilise EVs. The unvertainty of having a reliable and integrated charging infrastructure also presents hurdles, and slows down the growing trend of smart ecosystems and sustainable urban communities as a whole. Automotive, battery and utility technologies have formed the cornerstone of the EV industry to compete with currently mainstream means of transport, and to gain more prominence within many regions. Strategically locating public EV charging points will help to pave the way for better market penetration of EVs. This paper analyses real information about EV users in one of these metropolitan areas. A case study of 13 charging points with 48 EV users located in the inner urban core (NE1 postcode district) of a metropolitan area in North East England, the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, incorporating space-time analysis of the EV population, is presented here. Information about usage and charging patterns is collected from the main local service provider in North East England, Charge Your Car (CYC) Ltd. The methodology employed is a clustering analysis. It is conducted as a dimensional analysis technique for data mining and for significant analysis of quantitative data sets. A spatial and temporal analysis of charging patterns is conducted using SPSS and predictive analytics software. The study outcomes provide recommendations, exploring design theory and the implementation of public EV recharging infrastructure. The chapter presents a methodological approach useful for planning authorities, policy makers and commercial agents in evaluating and measuring the degree of usability fo the public electric mobility system

Investigating the evolution of e-mobility in its urban context a longitudinal study in Newcastle-Gateshead area

Designing an integrated charging network to support alternative means of transport is an intrinsic matter; it contributes to users' satisfaction and market penetration. It has given attention over the last three years; a few studies were undertaken addressing the location of the charging station problem. On the other hand, automotive manufacturers are working on extending the range to 250 miles or more in the Electric Vehicle (EV) hence reduce the urgent need of public recharging facilities. Another initiative is taken by the UK government to fund domestic charger installation to promote the market [1]. Planners and policy makers have to economically design integrated RFs that can support the demand and secure the way for potential users to join the market. Analysing the behavioural element and the business aspect of the current EV system, will assist in designing future EV users. This article examines and evaluates Newcastle Upon Tyne EV system among three years of operation. The comparison portrays the change and the evolving use of the system by inhabitants and visitors driving EVs. Time series model is developed to map the three years of operation. Forecast model is designed to predict the charging patterns of the real users in the capital of the North East of England, Newcastle. The outcome of this study should assist planning authorities and policy makers in assessing current EV systems and provide design guidelines for future planning